At present, iSALE is not fully open source. It is distributed on a case-by-case basis to academic users in the impact community, strictly for non-commercial use. Scientists interested in using or developing iSALE may apply to use iSALE using this web form.
iSALE is distributed via a private GitHub repository. Interested Users are required to create a GitHub username prior to applying for iSALE access.
The web form requests the following information:
Ongoing access to iSALE is contingent on the following terms:
Failure to comply with any of these terms will result in withdrawal of iSALE access. Applicants will be asked to agree to these terms and conditions on submission of the web form.
Please note: Access to the three-dimensional version of iSALE "iSALE-3D" is currently restricted to experienced iSALE2D users who have already contributed to the improvement of iSALE (e.g., developments, bug-reports, supporting other users)
Finite-difference solver for high strainrate, multi-material, complex rheology flows
We gratefully acknowledge the developers of iSALE-2D, including Gareth Collins, Kai Wünnemann, Dirk Elbeshausen, Tom Davison, Boris Ivanov and Jay Melosh.
We gratefully acknowledge the developers of iSALE-3D, including Dirk Elbeshausen, Kai Wünnemann, Gareth Collins and Tom Davison.
Where specific modifications have been made by developers for the User's application, it may also be appropriate for an iSALE developer to be named as co-author of any publication resulting from the use of iSALE. Please discuss such matters with the developer that has helped you with your application.
Finite-difference solver for high strainrate, multi-material, complex rheology flows
Due to the long history of iSALE model development and the long list of developers who have made substantial contributions to the functionality of iSALE, we ask that a (very) brief history of iSALE-2D or iSALE-3D is included when describing iSALE in the method section of any manuscript.
For iSALE-2D, this description should include references to these papers: Amsden et al., 19801, Wünnemann et al, 20062, Collins et al., 20043, Ivanov et al., 19974, Melosh et al., 19925. For example,
In this work we use the iSALE-2D shock physics code (Wünnemann et al., 2006), which is based on the SALE hydrocode solution algorithm (Amsden et al, 1980). To simulate hypervelocity impact processes in solid materials SALE was modified to include an elasto-plastic constitutive model, fragmentation models, various equations of state (EoS), and multiple materials (Melosh et al., 1992; Ivanov et al., 1997). More recent improvements include a modified strength model (Collins et al., 2004), a porosity compaction model (Wünnemann et al., 2006; Collins et al., 2011) and a dilatancy model (Collins, 2014).
A shorter description, appropriate for conference abstracts should still include all key references.
In this work we use the iSALE shock physics code (Amsden et al, 1980; Collins et al., 2004; Wünnemann et al., 2006).
The development history of iSALE-3D is described in Elbeshausen et al., 20096 and Elbeshausen and Wünnemann, 20117. Any description of iSALE-3D should include these references and - if possible - references to papers describing the solution strategy (Hirt et al. 19748) and relevant material models (which are common to iSALE-2D and iSALE-3D): strength model (Collins et al., 20043, Ivanov et al., 19974, Melosh et al., 19925); porosity model (Wünnemann et al, 20062, Collins et al., 20119); dilatancy model (Collins, 201410). For example,
In this work we use the iSALE-3D shock physics code (Elbeshausen et al., 2009; Elbeshausen and Wünnemann, 2011). This code uses a solver as described in Hirt et al., 1974. The development history of iSALE-3D is described in Elbeshausen et al., 2009. This code includes a strength model (Collins et al., 2004, Melosh et al., 1992; Ivanov et al., 1997) and a porosity compaction model (Wünnemann et al., 2006; Collins et al., 2011).
A shorter description, appropriate for conference abstracts should still include all key references.
In this work we use the iSALE-3D shock physics code (Elbeshausen et al., 2009; Elbeshausen and Wünnemann, 2011).
In future, we hope that a single authoratitive reference for iSALE will be published, describing all key developments, but until this time we ask users to kindly respect the need for adequate description of iSALE in published works.
Since the release of iSALE-Dellen (6/7/2016), two stable versions of iSALE are in use (the previous version was called iSALE-Chicxulub). For this reason, we ask that authors indicate the version of iSALE used in published works (iSALE-Chicxulub or iSALE-Dellen). We have also published the iSALE-Dellen manual on figshare (Collins et al., 201611), which can be cited *in addition to* the references above when describing iSALE-Dellen in scientific articles.
Both hydrocodes have been benchmarked against other hydrocodes (Pierazzo et al., 200812) and validated against experimental data from laboratory scale impacts (Pierazzo et al., 200812; Davison et al, 201113, Miljkovic et al., 201214).
1. Amsden, A., Ruppel, H., and Hirt, C. (1980). SALE: A simplified ALE computer program for fluid flow at all speeds. Los Alamos National Laboratories Report, LA-8095:101p. Los Alamos, New Mexico: LANL.↩
2. Wünnemann, K., Collins, G., and Melosh, H. (2006). A strain-based porosity model for use in hydrocode simulations of impacts and implications for transient crater growth in porous targets. Icarus, 180:514--527. doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.10.013 ↩
3. Collins, G. S., Melosh, H. J., and Ivanov, B. A. (2004). Modeling damage and deformation in impact simulations. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 39:217--231. doi: 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2004.tb00337.x ↩
4. Ivanov, B. A., Deniem, D., and Neukum, G. (1997). Implementation of dynamic strength models into 2D hydrocodes: Applications for atmospheric breakup and impact cratering. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 20:411--430. ↩
5. Melosh, H. J., Ryan, E. V., and Asphaug, E. (1992). Dynamic fragmentation in impacts: Hydrocode simulation of laboratory impacts. J. Geophys. Res., 97(E9):14735--14759. ↩
6. Elbeshausen, D., Wünnemann, K., Collins, G.S., (2009) Scaling of oblique impacts in frictional targets: Implications for crater size and formation mechanisms, Icarus, 2009, 204:716-731. ↩
7. Elbeshausen D. and Wünnemann K. (2011). iSALE-3D: A three-dimensional, multi-material, multi-rheology hydrocode and its applications to large-scale geodynamic processes. In: Schäfer, F. (ed.) ; Hiermaier, S. (ed.): Proceedings of the 11th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium 2010, Freiburg, Germany, April 11-15, 2010. Fraunhofer Verlag, Stuttgart, 828 pp. (Epsilon. Forschungsergebnisse aus der Kurzzeitdynamik, 20) (ISBN 3-8396-0280-7 ; ISBN 978-3-8396-0280-5 ; ISSN 1612-6718) ↩
8. Hirt, C.W., Amsden, A.A. and Cook, J.L. (1974). An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian computing method for all flow speeds. Journal of Computational Physics, 14(3), pp. 227-253. ↩
9. Collins, G., Melosh, H. and Wünnemann, K. (2011). Improvements to the epsilon-alpha porous compaction model for simulating impacts into high-porosity solar system objects. Int. J. Imp. Eng., 38:434-439. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2010.10.013, ↩
10. Collins, GS (2014), Numerical simulations of impact crater formation with dilatancy, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 119, 2600–2619, doi: 10.1002/2014JE004708. ↩
11. Collins, G. S., Elbeshausen, D., Davison, T. M.; Wünnemann, K.; Ivanov, B.; Melosh, H. J. (2016): iSALE-Dellen manual. figshare. doi: m9.figshare.3473690 ↩
12. Pierazzo, E., Artemieva, N., Asphaug, N., Baldwin, E., Cazamias, E.C., Coker, R., Collins, G.S., Crawford, D.A., Davison, T., Elbeshausen, D., Holsapple, K.A., Housen, K.R.,Korycansky, D.G., Wünnemann, K.,2008. Validation of numerical codes for impact and explosion cratering: impacts on strengthless and metal targets. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 43, 1917–1938. ↩
13. Davison, T.M., Collins, G.S., Elbeshausen, D., Wünnemann, K., Kearley, A., 2011. Numerical modeling of oblique hypervelocity impacts on strong ductile targets. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 46 (10), 1510–1524. ↩
14. K. Miljković, G. S. Collins, M. R. Patel, D. Chapman, W. Proud (2012), High-velocity impacts in porous solar system materials, AIP Conf. Proc., 1426, 871–874, doi: 10.1063/1.3686416 ↩